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Simon Jones

By: Simon Jones
Msc Registered Nutritionist (BANT)

Last updated 27 April 2026

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REFERENCES

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  3. Wolffenbuttel BHR, Wouters HJCM, Heiner-Fokkema MR, van der Klauw MM. The many faces of cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes. 2019;3(2):200–214.
  4. Andrès E, Loukili NH, Noel E, et al. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency in elderly patients. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2004;171(3):251–259.
  5. Syed EU, Wasay M, Awan S. Vitamin B12 supplementation in treating major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Open Neurology Journal. 2013;7:44–48.
  6. Bender A, Hagan KE, Kingston N. The association of folate and depression: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2017;95:9–18.
  7. Togha M, Razeghi Jahromi S, Ghorbani Z, et al. Serum vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid status in migraineurs: a case-control study. Headache. 2019;59(9):1492–1503.
  8. de Jager J, Kooy A, Lehert P, et al. Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 2010;340:c2181.
  9. Sharabi A, Cohen E, Sulkes J, Garty M. Replacement therapy for vitamin B12 deficiency: comparison between the sublingual and oral route. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2003;56(6):635–638.
  10. Sanz-Cuesta T, González-Escobar P, Riesgo-Fuertes R, et al. Oral versus intramuscular administration of vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency in primary care. BMJ Open. 2020;10:e033687.
  11. Wang H, Li L, Qin LL, Song Y, Vidal-Alaball J, Liu TH. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018;3:CD004655.
  12. Nalder L, Zheng B, Childs G, Fielding JL, Chong TTJ. Vitamin B12 and folate status in cognitively healthy older adults and associations with cognitive performance. The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging. 2021;25(3):287–294.
  13. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to Vitamin B12 and the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, and normal psychological function. EFSA Journal 2009; 7(9):1223.
  14. Gana W, De Luca A, Debacq C, et al. Analysis of the impact of selected vitamins deficiencies on the risk of disability in older people. Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3163.